Knee
ACL Tear
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries
An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important stabiliser of the knee joint. Anterior cruciate ligament sprain or tear is a common knee injury. People who play sports like Kabbadi, Football, Basketball, Cricket etc are more likely to tear them. It can also be damaged by twisting injury e.g. while coming downstairs or bus, fall while running.
When ACL gets injured, some patients feel a pop in their knee and feel a giving way sensation. Knee can get swelled up and the patient will struggle to walk and move the knee freely. These acute symptoms subside gradually after a few days; however, instability symptoms i.e. knee giving way and pain may persist depending upon the severity of the injury.
Patient should seek an expert Orthopaedic surgeon’s opinion as soon as possible to avoid potential further damage to the knee since walking on an unstable joint could damage it further. The surgeon will examine the knee and do investigations like X-Rays and MRI to confirm the diagnosis.
The treatment of ACL injury depends on several factors including the extent of the tear, concomitant injury to other knee structures and activity level of the patient. The final management plan is decided in consultation with the patient.
Sprains/Partial tears can be treated conservatively with rehabilitation to strengthen the muscles which support the knee. A torn ACL does not heal on its own. It requires reconstruction which is done through an arthroscope (Telescope) through very small holes. The benefit of arthroscopic surgery is less pain, less time spent in the hospital and quicker recovery. Rehabilitation is vital after surgery as well. It involves first gaining full movement in the knee and then muscle-strengthening etc.
PCL Tear
What is PCL Tear?
A PCL injury is characterized by a ligament stretching or rupture. The PCL acts as an elastic anchor, preventing the tibia from sliding backwards with respect to the femur. This capability is ensured by the ligament’s characteristics.
The PCL is both durable and adaptable. It is not without restrictions, however, and excessive pressure on the PCL can cause it to stretch or tear. A sprain is a medical term for a ligament injury.
Symptoms
Because the signs of minor PCL injuries might be mild, it is possible to have a sprain and not recognise it. The signs of more serious sprains, on the other hand, are difficult to overlook.
Meniscus Tear
What is Meniscus Tear?
It’s a portion of cartilage that protects and stabilizes the joint in your knee. It shields the bones from degradation. A decent twist of the knee, on the other hand, is all it takes to tear the meniscus. In certain situations, a piece of torn cartilage breaks off and gets caught in the knee joint, locking it up.
A torn meniscus, like many other knee ailments, can be terribly painful and disabling. Unfortunately, it is quite common. One of the most common cartilage injuries in the knee is a meniscal tear.
Symptoms
Multi Ligament Injury
What Is A Complex Multiple Ligament Knee Injury?
Multiple ligament knee injuries happen when more than one of the knee’s ligaments is torn. They are less common than single ligament injuries (like an ACL tear).
Multiple ligament knee injuries can occur during sports activities or through high-energy trauma, such as a fall from height or a car accident.
How Is A Complex Multiple Ligament Knee Injury Diagnosed?
All patients who suspect they might have a ligament knee injury should be evaluated by an orthopaedic surgeon. A comprehensive workup and evaluation is required and should be completed as soon as possible after the injury. This includes:
X-rays of the knee are performed to make sure there are no fractures or dislocations. An MRI scan is typically required to confirm which ligaments are torn and whether there is an injury to the other structures in the knee, such as articular cartilage and the menisci.
Recurrent Dislocation Patella
What is Recurrent dislocation Patella?
Recurrent patellar dislocation occurs when the kneecap slides out of place. The patella, often known as the kneecap, is a bone found in the knee. When the leg is bent or straightened, it slides up and down in a V-shaped groove in front of the knee.
Symptoms
Patellar dislocation can lead to a variety of problems:
Joint preservation (Articular Cartilage Defects)
What is Joint preservation (Articular Cartilage Defects)?
In individuals with cartilage abnormalities, joint preservation methods are performed to maintain the joints and help repair.
Injury or natural wear and tear can destroy articular cartilage. Doctors have devised surgical procedures to encourage the creation of new cartilage because cartilage does not heal effectively on its own. Articular cartilage restoration can help reduce discomfort and improve function. It can also help to delay or prevent the onset of arthritis.
Knee Replacement (Partial or Total)
What is Knee Replacement (Partial or Total)?
Total knee replacement is a surgery that replaces the entire knee joint. Only one component of a damaged knee is replaced in partial knee replacement. It can be used to replace the inside (medial) or outer (lateral) section of the knee, as well as the kneecap.
Total knee replacement, sometimes referred to as total knee arthroplasty, is a highly effective surgical treatment. However, it is not the only surgical treatment for knee osteoarthritis. Partial knee replacement may be an option for some people.
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